What does Job Chapter 38 say, and which statements belong to its speaker?

Breaking into the debate, the Lord answered Job out of a whirlwind; a Challoner annotation notes that the Lord spoke through an angel acting in His divine name. God demanded to know who this was that obscured divine counsel with ignorant and unskillful words, commanding Job to gird up his loins like a man, for the Almighty would question him and demand answers. God asked where Job was when He laid the foundations of the earth, challenging him to declare who determined its measurements, stretched the measuring line across it, grounded its bases, or set its cornerstone, while the morning stars sang together in unison and all the sons of God shouted with joyful melody. He asked who shut up the bursting sea behind secure doors when it broke forth as if issuing from a womb, wrapping it in dark clouds as a garment and swaddling it in thick mist, setting bars and boundaries while decreeing that its proud waves could come thus far and go no further.

In the Lord’s speech, God questioned whether Job had ever commanded the morning since his birth, assigning the dawn its place to shake the wicked from the fringes of the earth, saying the seal shall be restored as clay and stand as a garment while breaking the arm of the proud. Had Job ever descended into the depths of the sea, walked the depths of the abyss, or beheld the darksome gates of death? Had he surveyed the full breadth of the earth? God asked where the home of light resides and where darkness dwells, that Job might guide them to their native boundaries. He asked whether Job knew then that he would be born and knew the number of his days. Had Job entered the storehouses of snow or gazed upon the treasuries of hail, which God reserves for times of battle and war? Could Job explain how light disperses, how heat is divided across the earth, or who carved channels for torrents and a path for the thunderbolt, sending rain upon uninhabited deserts where no human dwells to satisfy desolate ground and bring forth tender green grass?

In the Lord’s speech, continuing His interrogation, God asked who fathered the rain or begot the dew drops, from whose womb came the ice, and who produced the frost from heaven that congeals the surface of the deep like solid stone. He challenged Job to bind the cluster of the Pleiades or halt the rotation of Arcturus; a Challoner annotation explains that Pleiades refers to the seven stars in Taurus, while Arcturus refers to a bright star in Bootes, noting Hebrew Cimah and that Cesil is variously interpreted as Orion or the Great Bear. God asked if Job could guide the morning star in its season, bring forth the evening star, or decree celestial ordinances that govern the earth. Could Job shout to the clouds to cover him with rain, or dispatch lightnings that report back saying, "Here we are"? God asked who placed wisdom in the human heart or gave understanding to the rooster; an editorial annotation clarifies that understanding here denotes the natural instinct by which the rooster distinguishes the night watches for crowing. He asks who can declare heaven’s order or make its harmony sleep, and when dust was poured on earth and clods fastened together. He asks whether Job will take prey for the lioness and satisfy her whelps waiting in dens and holes, and who feeds young ravens wandering and crying to God for lack of meat.