Chapter IV · Location 4 of 5
Chapter 4 · Open to readFrom Lamentations · Douay–Rheims / Challoner (1749–1752)
What does Lamentations Chapter 4 say, and which statements belong to its speaker?
Atlas of Saints · Chapter summary
Splendor and severe hunger contrast with a fallen city. Bloody leadership and failed foreign hope precede royal capture imagery. The edition distinguishes literal and spiritual senses before Edom’s cup.
Chapter breakdown
Lamentations 4 contrasts dim gold and scattered sanctuary stones with noble Sion sons esteemed as earthen vessels. Sea monsters nurse young while the people’s daughter is cruel like the ostrich. A thirsty suckling’s tongue sticks, children ask bread with none to break it, delicately fed people die and scarlet-reared people embrace dung. The people’s iniquity is greater than Sodom’s sin, whose overthrow was momentary. Nazarites once whiter than snow and purer than milk, ruddy like old ivory and fairer than sapphire, become coal-black, unknown and wood-dry with skin on bones. Sword-death is called better than slow hunger. Pitiful women boil children for food; wrath and fire consume Sion’s foundations.
Kings and inhabitants would not have believed an enemy could enter Jerusalem. Prophets’ and priests’ sins include shedding the just’s blood. Blood-defiled wandering, held-up skirts and cries to depart and not touch precede division and disregard, with priests and ancients denied respect and pity. Eyes wait vainly on a nation unable to save; slipped steps and coming end precede eagle-swift pursuers in mountains and wilderness. Neither Egypt nor a diplomatic negotiation is named here.
The breath of the mouth, Christ the Lord, is taken in their sins, with remembered hope of living under his shadow among Gentiles. The edition separately gives the literal anointed-king sense and spiritual relation to Christ suffering for sins. Edom in Hus receives an ironic rejoicing appeal and coming cup, drunkenness and nakedness. Sion’s iniquity is accomplished with no more carrying into captivity; Edom’s iniquity is visited and exposed. The following prayer heading remains editorial. Pits replacing sins, leprosy diagnosis, unwilling bread-givers, steaming refuse and a universal fixed limit for all punishment are not supplied.
The story inside
Opening: Splendor and severe hunger contrast with a fallen city. Development: Bloody leadership and failed foreign hope precede royal capture imagery. Conclusion: The edition distinguishes literal and spiritual senses before Edom’s cup.
Lessons worth keeping
- 1Splendor and severe hunger contrast with a fallen city.
- 2Bloody leadership and failed foreign hope precede royal capture imagery.
- 3The edition distinguishes literal and spiritual senses before Edom’s cup.
Test your recall
Which images and requests does the speaker use, and what does the chapter leave unresolved?
Source edition and notes
Douay–Rheims, revised by Richard Challoner (1749–1752). Project Gutenberg no. 1581. Locators refer to lines in the admitted pg1581.txt edition. Source notes may include Challoner commentary.
Lines 90331–90341
4:10. Jod. The hands of the pitiful women have sodden their own children: they were their meat in the destruction of the daughter of my people. 4:11. Caph. The Lord hath accomplished his wrath, he hath poured out his fierce anger: and he hath kindled a fire in Sion, and it hath devoured the foundations thereof. 4:12. Lamed. The kings of the earth, and all the inhabitants of the world would not have believed, that the adversary and the enemy should enter in by the gates of Jerusalem.
Lines 90370–90377
4:20. Res. The breath of our mouth, Christ the Lord, is taken in our sins: to whom we said: Under thy shadow we shall live among the Gentiles. Christ, etc.... This, according to the letter, is spoken of their king, who is called the Christ, that is, the Anointed of the Lord. But it also relates, in the spiritual sense, to Christ our Lord, suffering for our sins.
Lines 90379–90385
4:21. Sin. Rejoice, and be glad, O daughter of Edom, that dwellest in the land of Hus: to thee also shall the cup come, thou shalt be made drunk, and naked. 4:22. Thau. Thy iniquity is accomplished, O daughter of Sion, he will no more carry thee away into captivity: he hath visited thy iniquity, O daughter of Edom, he hath discovered thy sins.
