What events and attributed statements does Job Chapter 1 record?

In the land of Hus (identified in Challoner's note as part of Edom), there lived a man named Job who was simple, upright, God-fearing, and careful to avoid all evil. (Challoner clarifies that simple signifies innocent, sincere, and without guile.) Job was blessed with seven sons and three daughters. His vast wealth included seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, five hundred yoke of oxen, five hundred she-asses, and an extraordinarily large household of servants, making him great among all the peoples of the east.

Job's sons were accustomed to holding feasts in their homes, each on his designated day, inviting their three sisters to eat and drink with them. Whenever a cycle of feasting ended, Job sent for his children, sanctified them, and rose early in the morning to offer burnt offerings for each of them, saying to himself: "Lest perhaps my sons have sinned, and have blessed God in their hearts." (Challoner explains that scripture uses the word bless here and elsewhere as an expression of horror to signify blasphemy.) This regular sacrificial intercession was Job's constant practice.

On a certain day, the sons of God (which Challoner identifies as the angels) came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan appeared among them. (Challoner notes that this heavenly dialogue figuratively depicts Satan's restless efforts, his total dependence on divine permission, and God's assistance to the virtuous.) When the Lord asked where he had been, Satan replied that he had been roaming throughout the earth. The Lord asked whether he had noticed his servant Job, noting that there was no one like him on earth—an upright man who feared God and avoided evil. Satan cynically challenged Job's piety, arguing that Job feared God only because of the protective fence and abundant blessings surrounding his household. Satan asserted that if God stretched out his hand to touch all that Job possessed, Job would openly curse him to his face. The Lord granted Satan permission over all Job's possessions, with one strict restriction: he was forbidden to lay a hand upon Job's person.

On a certain day, while Job's children were eating and drinking in the house of their eldest brother, four successive messengers arrived with devastating news. First, a servant reported that Sabeans had raided the fields, seized the oxen and asses, and slaughtered the attendants with the sword. While he was still speaking, a second messenger announced that fire from heaven had fallen, consuming the sheep and servants. A third messenger immediately reported that Chaldeans in three raiding bands had captured the camels and killed the servants. Finally, a fourth messenger arrived to announce that a violent wind from the side of the desert had struck the eldest brother's house, collapsing the structure and killing all ten of Job's children.

In response to this catastrophic loss, Job rose, tore his robes, shaved his head in deep grief, and fell prostrate upon the earth in worship. He declared: "Naked came I out of my mother’s womb, and naked shall I return thither: the Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away: as it hath pleased the Lord, so is it done: blessed be the name of the Lord." In the midst of all these overwhelming afflictions, Job did not sin with his lips, nor did he utter any foolish word against God.

The separate edition note also says God does not permit temptation above their strength, assists by divine grace, and interprets the enemy’s efforts as illustrating virtue and increasing merit. These are the note’s stated explanations of the figure.