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Daniel

Chapter 13 · Douay–Rheims / Challoner

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Chapter XIII · Location 13 of 14

Chapter 13 · Open to read

From Daniel · Douay–Rheims / Challoner (1749–1752)

How does separate examination expose the accusation against Susanna?

Atlas of Saints · Chapter summary

Susanna’s refusal and false condemnation are reversed after Daniel tests the elders’ conflicting tree testimony.

Chapter breakdown

The edition explains that Susanna's history stood at the beginning of Daniel in old Greek and Latin copies until Jerome moved it, because it is absent from the Hebrew; it also records its Catholic canonical reception. In Babylon, the rich and highly honored Joakim marries Susanna, Helcias's beautiful, God-fearing daughter, whom her just parents taught Moses's law. Two elders appointed judges that year hear cases at Joakim's house. Watching Susanna walk at noon, both develop lust, turn their minds from heaven and forget just judgments. Initially ashamed to disclose it, they separately leave for dinner, return, discover each other's desire and agree to find her alone.

In hot weather Susanna goes to wash in the orchard with two maids. She sends for oil and washing balls and has the doors shut. The hidden elders run to her and demand intercourse, threatening to accuse her of sending away the maids to be with a young man. She sighs at the threatened death but chooses falling into their hands without the act rather than sinning before the Lord. She cries out; they also cry, and one opens the door. Servants arrive by the back door, ashamed at an accusation never previously made against her.

Next day the elders summon Susanna with parents, children and relatives. They order her face uncovered to satisfy their lust; her friends weep as the elders put hands on her head. Trusting God, she looks toward heaven. Their false testimony claims a young man lay with her and escaped through the door because he was stronger, while Susanna refused his name. The assembly believes them as elders and judges and condemns her. She appeals to the God who knows hidden and future things, saying they have witnessed falsely. The Lord hears. As she is led to execution, he raises the holy spirit of young Daniel, who declares himself clear of her blood and asks why they condemned without examination. The people return to judgment.

Daniel separates the witnesses. Rebuking the first for oppressing innocents and releasing the guilty, he asks which tree sheltered the alleged act; the answer is a mastic tree. Daniel announces that God's angel will cut him in two. He rebukes the second as of Chanaan rather than Juda, saying lust deceived him and other women submitted through fear whereas this daughter of Juda refused. The second names a holm tree; Daniel announces the angel's sword. The assembly blesses God, rises against the elders convicted by their own mouths and puts them to death under Moses's law, saving innocent blood. Helcias and his wife, Joakim and the relatives praise God because no dishonesty was found in Susanna; Daniel becomes great before the people. The chapter ends with Astyages's death and Cyrus receiving his kingdom. It does not specify stoning as Susanna's proposed execution method.

The story inside

The assembly initially trusts the elders as judges. Daniel challenges condemnation without examination. The elders’ own answers convict them; Susanna’s family praises God.

Lessons worth keeping

  1. 1
    The assembly initially trusts the elders as judges.
  2. 2
    Daniel challenges condemnation without examination.
  3. 3
    The elders’ own answers convict them; Susanna’s family praises God.

Test your recall

Which two trees do the separated witnesses name?

Source edition and notes

Douay–Rheims, revised by Richard Challoner (1749–1752). Project Gutenberg no. 1581. Locators refer to lines in the admitted pg1581.txt edition. Source notes may include Challoner commentary.

  1. Lines 98803–98807

    13:2. And he took a wife, whose name was Susanna, the daughter of Helcias, a very beautiful woman, and one that feared God. 13:3. For her parents being just, had instructed their daughter according to the law of Moses.
  2. Lines 98869–98875

    13:22. Susanna sighed, and said: I am straitened on every side: for if I do this thing, it is death to me: and if I do it not, I shall not escape your hands. 13:23. But it is better for me to fall into your hands without doing it, than to sin in the sight of the Lord.
  3. Lines 98948–98953

    13:48. But he standing in the midst of them, said: Are ye so foolish, ye children of Israel, that without examination or knowledge of the truth, you have condemned a daughter of Israel? 13:49. Return to judgment, for they have borne false witness against her.
  4. Lines 98992–99000

    13:60. With that all the assembly cried out with a loud voice, and they blessed God, who saveth them that trust in him. 13:61. And they rose up against the two elders, (for Daniel had convicted them of false witness by their own mouth) and they did to them as they had maliciously dealt against their neighbour, 13:62. To fulfil the law of Moses: and they put them to death, and innocent blood was saved in that day.

Location: chapter 13 of 14 · 93%

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